Introduction Antigen rapid test (Ag-RDT) cards have become a cornerstone of modern diagnostic workflows, particularly during infectious disease outbreaks such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. These lateral-flow immunoassays detect pathogen-specific proteins in patient samples, usually nasal or nasopharyngeal swabs, and return results in 15–30 minutes. The expansion of antigen testing was driven by the urgent need for scalable, low-cost,...
Overview Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) uses the WST-8 tetrazolium salt, which is reduced by cellular dehydrogenases (via NAD(P)H-dependent electron transfer) to a water-soluble formazan dye. The formazan accumulates in the medium and is quantified by absorbance at 450 nm (often with a reference at 650–690 nm). Because the product is soluble, no solubilization step is required, enabling higher throughput, better linearity at low cell numbers, and...
Introduction Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and digital PCR (dPCR) have become foundational techniques in molecular biology, diagnostics, and applied life sciences. They provide a way to measure nucleic acid targets with high sensitivity and specificity, enabling researchers to track pathogen load, study gene expression, and detect copy number variations. Yet, despite the sensitivity of these methods, the accuracy and reproducibility of results are not...
Introduction High Mobility Group Box 3 (HMGB3) is a non-histone chromatin binding protein in the HMGB family, involved in DNA architecture, transcription, replication, and repair. Increasing evidence indicates that aberrant expression of HMGB3 correlates with cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, treatment resistance, and poor prognosis in several malignancies. Measuring HMGB3 levels—especially circulating HMGB3 in serum or plasma—is...
